Our kidneys play an important role in our overall health, but we probably don’t give them much thought until they’re damaged or can no longer function properly.

These two bean-shaped organs, which are each roughly about the size of our fist, are responsible for many life-sustaining activities in our body. These processes include eliminating toxins, wastes, and water and filtering about  200 liters of blood a day. They also help regulate blood pressure by managing fluid levels and producing the hormone that causes blood vessels to contract. Furthermore, our kidneys also produce the hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to generate red blood cells.

As we celebrate National Kidney Month this June, we are reminded to take proactive steps to protect these important organs and take a look at our kidney health before it’s too late. 

What are the Common Kidney Problems?

The World Health Organization estimates that 5–10 million people die each year as a result of kidney illnesses. In the Philippines, it is said to be the 7th leading cause of death in the country. However, given the scarcity of epidemiological data, the lack of awareness, and often limited access to laboratory facilities, such figures are likely to underestimate the true prevalence of these renal diseases. 

That said, the following are the most common types of kidney problems:

Chronic kidney disease 

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a long-term illness that does not get better over time. High blood pressure is the most common reason for CKD.

With high blood pressure, the tiny blood vessels in the kidneys (where blood is cleaned) are eventually damaged. This, in turn, causes kidney functions to deteriorate. Diabetes can also cause CKD. Over time, the increased blood sugar levels also damage the blood vessels in the kidneys.

Kidney stones

Another common kidney ailment is kidney stones. These solid masses (stones) form when minerals and other chemicals in the blood crystallize in the kidneys. Kidney stones are normally passed through the body by urination. They can be excruciatingly painful to pass, although they seldom cause serious complications.

How to Protect Our Kidneys

This year, the theme for the celebration is "Matatag na Bato sa Kapanahunang Ito", according to the National Kidney and Transplant Institute (NKTI), the lead agency in the implementation of National Kidney Month in the Philippines.

Here are some ways in which we could take better care of our kidneys:

• Drink lots of water
• Reduce your salt consumption
• Stop smoking
• Manage your blood pressure
• For those with diabetes, controlling your blood sugar is essential

Keep in mind that some risk factors for kidney disease, such as age, family history, or race, are beyond our control. Because of this, it’s vital to take extra precautionary measures if you find yourself with these risk factors. 

Here are more points to consider in protecting our kidney health:

Be cautious when using over-the-counter medications

For over-the-counter drugs, always follow the dosage directions. Note that too much aspirin or ibuprofen can harm your kidneys. If the usual doses of these medications aren't properly controlling your pain, make sure to consult your doctor.

Plan a healthier diet

Certain types of kidney stones can be caused by chemicals in your meals. Aside from avoiding excessive sodium in your diet, make sure that you don’t go overboard with your intake of animal protein, citric acid (from citrus fruits), and oxalate (from chocolate, spinach, sweet potatoes, and beets). 

Talk to your doctor about kidney health

It’s best to consult with your doctor first before taking a calcium supplement. Some calcium supplements have been related to an increased risk of developing kidney stones.

You can also inquire with your physician about undergoing a blood test for renal disorders. Generally, kidney disorders do not present symptoms until they are advanced. To detect any kidney problems at an early stage, a basic metabolic panel (BMP) is a common blood test that can be performed as part of a routine medical examination.